![]() ![]() Structural diversity, systematics, and evolution of cnidae. Oxford: Blackwell Science 1991.įautin DG. ![]() Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1986.Įndler JA. Predator–prey relationships: perspectives and approaches from the study of lower vertebrates. Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution. Florida: Krieger Publishing Company 1992.Įhrlich PR, Raven PH. Evolution of separate predation- and defence-evoked venoms in carnivorous cone snails. 2012 14:128–37.ĭutertre S, Jin A-H, Vetter I, Hamilton B, Sunagar K, Lavergne V, Dutertre V, Fry BG, Antunes A, Venter DJ, Alewood PF, Lewis RJ. Comparative studies on the structure and development of the venom-delivery system of centipedes, and a hypothesis on the origin of this evolutionary novelty. Why the honey badger don’t care: convergent evolution of venom-targeted nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mammals that survive venomous snake bites. Dual role of the cuttlefish salivary proteome in defense and predation. Florida: Krieger Publishing Company 2006.Ĭornet V, Henry J, Corre E, Le Corguille G, Zanuttini B, Zatylny-Gaudin C. Complex cocktails: the evolutionary novelty of venoms. 2007 49:741–57.Ĭasewell NR, Wüster W, Vonk FJ, Harrison RA, Fry BG. The venom of the Lonomia caterpillar: an overview. 2014 11:47.Ĭarrijo-Carvalho LC, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Are ticks venomous animals? Frontier Zool. Palatability of marine macro-holoplankton: nematocysts, nutritional quality, and chemistry as defenses against consumers. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2015.īullard SG, Hay ME. Venomous reptiles and their toxins: evolution, pathophysiology and biodiscovery. Signs, symptoms, and treatment of envenomation. 2011 479:410–4.īoyer L, Alagón A, Fry BG, Jackson TNW, Sunagar K, Chippaux J-P. A heteromeric Texas coral snake toxin targets acid-sensing ion channels to produce pain. 2005 126:794–803.īohlen CJ, Chesler AT, Sharif-Naeini R, Medzihradszky KF, Zhou S, King D, Sánchez EE, Burlingame AL, Basbaum AI, Julius D. Maximum longevities of chemically protected and non-protected fishes, reptiles, and amphibians support evolutionary hypotheses of aging. ![]() Convergent evolution in the antennae of a cerambycid beetle, Onychocerus albitarsis, and the sting of a scorpion. Berkeley: University of California Press 2005.īerkov A, Rodríguez N, Centeno P. Biology of gila monsters and beaded lizards. Coevolution of diet and prey-specific venom activity supports the role of selection in snake venom evolution. Beyond the antipredatory defence: honey bee venom function as a component of social immunity. 2015 in press.īaracchi D, Francese S, Turillazzi S. Antipredator defences predict diversification rates. Does chemical defence increase niche space? A phylogenetic comparative analysis of the Musteloidea. University of Liverpool 2015.Īrbuckle K, Brockhurst M, Speed MP. On the macroevolution of antipredator defence. An insight into the sialome of the oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rots). 2010 56:1120–9.Īndersen JF, Hinnebusch BJ, Lucas DA, Conrads TP, Veenstra TD, Pham VM, Ribeiro JMC. Structure and mechanism in salivary proteins from blood-feeding arthropods. Diversity of peptide toxins from stinging ant venoms. KeywordsĪili SR, Touchard A, Escoubas P, Padula MP, Orivel J, Dejean A, Nicholson GM. The last three sections consider three principles that are important to venom evolution: (1) the composition of venom is variable both between and within species (2) venom evolves in the context of antagonistic coevolutionary interactions and (3) venom can have consequences for the ecology and evolution of animals that possess it beyond its direct functions to their behavioral ecology. A survey of the functional diversity of venoms and taxonomic diversity of venomous animals is then provided as an introduction to the evolutionary drivers of venom and how it is distributed across the animal tree of life. There has been substantial variation in the definition of “venom” and “venomous” in the literature, so this is discussed first with the aim of giving a definition which encompasses a number of important features of venoms. Consequently, this chapter aims to provide an overview of the diversity of venom and venomous animals and also a set of evolutionary principles which are particularly applicable here. However, as with any biological trait, venom exists in an evolutionary context and must be considered as such if we are to gain a full understanding of the biology of animal venoms. Much of the research on venoms has understandably focused on clinical implications of human envenomation and detailed molecular studies of toxins. ![]()
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